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<span class="kw">let </span><font color="Maroon" title="c1">R</font> be   <a href="vectsp_2.html#NM2" title="VECTSP_2:NM.2">domRing</a>; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide">  for <font color="Olive" title="b1">p</font> being   non  <a href="ratfunc1.html#NV1" title="RATFUNC1:NV.1">zero</a>  <a href="polynom3.html#NM1" title="POLYNOM3:NM.1">Polynomial</a> of <font color="Maroon" title="c1">R</font> holds   <a href="card_1.html#K4" title="CARD_1:func.4">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="polynom5.html#K7" title="POLYNOM5:func.7">Roots</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1" title="XXREAL_0:pred.1">&lt;=</a>  <a href="ring_5.html#NK1" title="RING_5:NK.1">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="uproots.html#K7" title="UPROOTS:func.7">BRoots</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">p</font></span>)</span></span><br/><span class="kw">let </span><font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> be   non  <a href="ratfunc1.html#NV1" title="RATFUNC1:NV.1">zero</a>  <a href="polynom3.html#NM1" title="POLYNOM3:NM.1">Polynomial</a> of <font color="Maroon" title="c1">R</font>; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide">  <a href="card_1.html#K4" title="CARD_1:func.4">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="polynom5.html#K7" title="POLYNOM5:func.7">Roots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1" title="XXREAL_0:pred.1">&lt;=</a>  <a href="ring_5.html#NK1" title="RING_5:NK.1">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="uproots.html#K7" title="UPROOTS:func.7">BRoots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span>)</span></span><br/>



<div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="126_1"><span class="kw">per </span></a><a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="kw">cases </span></a><span class="hide"><a NAME="E1:126_1"/>
( <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> is  <a href="polynom5.html#V1" title="POLYNOM5:attr.1">with_roots</a>  or  not <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> is  <a href="polynom5.html#V1" title="POLYNOM5:attr.1">with_roots</a>  )
 </span>;<br/><div class="add"><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="126_1_1"><span class="kw">suppose </span></a><a NAME="E1:126_1_1"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> is  <a href="polynom5.html#V1" title="POLYNOM5:attr.1">with_roots</a> 
 ; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide">  <a href="card_1.html#K4" title="CARD_1:func.4">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="polynom5.html#K7" title="POLYNOM5:func.7">Roots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1" title="XXREAL_0:pred.1">&lt;=</a>  <a href="ring_5.html#NK1" title="RING_5:NK.1">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="uproots.html#K7" title="UPROOTS:func.7">BRoots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span>)</span></span><br/><div class="add"><span class="kw">then </span><span class="kw">reconsider </span><font color="Maroon" title="c3">p1</font> = <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> as   non  <a href="ratfunc1.html#NV1" title="RATFUNC1:NV.1">zero</a>   <a href="polynom5.html#V1" title="POLYNOM5:attr.1">with_roots</a>  <a href="polynom3.html#NM1" title="POLYNOM3:NM.1">Polynomial</a> of <font color="Maroon" title="c1">R</font> ;<br/><span class="kw">consider </span><font color="Maroon" title="c4">q</font> being    <a href="ring_5.html#M2" title="RING_5:mode.2">Ppoly</a> of <font color="Maroon" title="c1">R</font>, <a href="uproots.html#K7" title="UPROOTS:func.7">BRoots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">p1</font>, <font color="Maroon" title="c5">r</font> being   non  <a href="polynom5.html#V1" title="POLYNOM5:attr.1">with_roots</a>  <a href="polynom3.html#NM1" title="POLYNOM3:NM.1">Polynomial</a> of <font color="Maroon" title="c1">R</font><span class="kw"> such that </span><br/><a NAME="E4:126_1_1"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E68">A</font></span>: 
( <font color="Maroon" title="c3">p1</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c4">q</font> <a href="polynom3.html#K12" title="POLYNOM3:func.12">*'</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">r</font> &amp;  <a href="polynom5.html#K7" title="POLYNOM5:func.7">Roots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c4">q</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a>  <a href="polynom5.html#K7" title="POLYNOM5:func.7">Roots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">p1</font> )
 <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="ring_5.html#T64" target="_self" onmouseover="rs('ring_5/T64')" onmouseout="rh()">acf</a></span>;<br/> <a href="hurwitz.html#NK3" title="HURWITZ:NK.3">deg</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c4">q</font> = 
 <a href="ring_5.html#NK1" title="RING_5:NK.1">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="uproots.html#K7" title="UPROOTS:func.7">BRoots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c4">q</font></span>)</span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="ring_5.html#T56" target="_self" onmouseover="rs('ring_5/T56')" onmouseout="rh()">lemacf5</a></span>
<br/>.= 
 <a href="ring_5.html#NK1" title="RING_5:NK.1">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="uproots.html#K7" title="UPROOTS:func.7">BRoots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">p1</font></span>)</span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="ring_5.html#T55" target="_self" onmouseover="rs('ring_5/T55')" onmouseout="rh()">pf2</a></span>
;<br/><span class="kw">hence </span><a NAME="E6:126_1_1"/>
 <a href="card_1.html#K4" title="CARD_1:func.4">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="polynom5.html#K7" title="POLYNOM5:func.7">Roots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1" title="XXREAL_0:pred.1">&lt;=</a>  <a href="ring_5.html#NK1" title="RING_5:NK.1">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="uproots.html#K7" title="UPROOTS:func.7">BRoots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span>)</span>
 <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E4:126_1_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E68">A</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="ring_5.html#T22" target="_self" onmouseover="rs('ring_5/T22')" onmouseout="rh()">degpoly</a></span>; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/></div><span class="kw">end;</span></div><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="126_1_2"><span class="kw">suppose </span></a><a NAME="E1:126_1_2"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E68">A</font></span>: 
 not <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> is  <a href="polynom5.html#V1" title="POLYNOM5:attr.1">with_roots</a> 
 ; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide">  <a href="card_1.html#K4" title="CARD_1:func.4">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="polynom5.html#K7" title="POLYNOM5:func.7">Roots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1" title="XXREAL_0:pred.1">&lt;=</a>  <a href="ring_5.html#NK1" title="RING_5:NK.1">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="uproots.html#K7" title="UPROOTS:func.7">BRoots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span>)</span></span><br/><div class="add"><span class="kw">then </span> <a href="card_1.html#K4" title="CARD_1:func.4">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="polynom5.html#K7" title="POLYNOM5:func.7">Roots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span>)</span> = 
 <a href="numbers.html#K5" title="NUMBERS:func.5">0</a> 

<br/>.= 
 <a href="ring_5.html#NK1" title="RING_5:NK.1">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="pre_poly.html#K16" title="PRE_POLY:func.16">EmptyBag</a>  the <a href="struct_0.html#U1" title="STRUCT_0:sel.1">carrier</a> of <font color="Maroon" title="c1">R</font></span>)</span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="uproots.html#T11" onmouseover="rs('uproots/T11')" onmouseout="rh()">UPROOTS:11</a></span>
<br/>.= 
 <a href="ring_5.html#NK1" title="RING_5:NK.1">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="uproots.html#K7" title="UPROOTS:func.7">BRoots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span>)</span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E1:126_1_2"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E68">A</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="ring_5.html#T38" target="_self" onmouseover="rs('ring_5/T38')" onmouseout="rh()">lemacf1</a></span>
;<br/><span class="kw">hence </span><a NAME="E3:126_1_2"/>
 <a href="card_1.html#K4" title="CARD_1:func.4">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="polynom5.html#K7" title="POLYNOM5:func.7">Roots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1" title="XXREAL_0:pred.1">&lt;=</a>  <a href="ring_5.html#NK1" title="RING_5:NK.1">card</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="uproots.html#K7" title="UPROOTS:func.7">BRoots</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span>)</span>
 ; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/></div><span class="kw">end;</span></div></div><span class="kw">end;</span></div>

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