<?xml version="1.0"?>
<div class="add">

<span class="kw">let </span><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> be   <a href="xreal_0.html#NM1" title="XREAL_0:NM.1">Real</a>; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> ( ( <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR2" title="XXREAL_0:NR.2">&gt;=</a>  <a href="numbers.html#K5" title="NUMBERS:func.5">0</a>  implies  <a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#R2" title="FUNCT_2:pred.2">=</a>  <a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> ) &amp; ( <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" title="XXREAL_0:NR.3">&lt;</a>  <a href="numbers.html#K5" title="NUMBERS:func.5">0</a>  implies <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="valued_1.html#K26" title="VALUED_1:func.26">(#)</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#R2" title="FUNCT_2:pred.2">=</a>  <a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> ) )</span><br/>

<span class="kw">set </span><font color="Maroon" title="c2">rL</font> =  <a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font>;<br/>
<span class="kw">set </span><font color="Maroon" title="c3">A</font> =  <a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span>;<br/>
<span class="kw">set </span><font color="Maroon" title="c4">aA</font> =  <a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span>;<br/>
<a NAME="E1:21"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E19">A1</font></span>: 
(  <a href="relset_1.html#K1" title="RELSET_1:func.1">dom</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a>  <a href="relset_1.html#K1" title="RELSET_1:func.1">dom</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span> &amp;  <a href="relset_1.html#K1" title="RELSET_1:func.1">dom</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a>  <a href="numbers.html#NK1" title="NUMBERS:NK.1">NAT</a>  )
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="valued_1.html#D11" onmouseover="rs('valued_1/D11')" onmouseout="rh()">VALUED_1:def 11</a>, <a class="ref" href="funct_2.html#D1" onmouseover="rs('funct_2/D1')" onmouseout="rh()">FUNCT_2:def 1</a></span>;<br/>
<a NAME="E2:21"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E20">A2</font></span>: 
 for <font color="Olive" title="b1">n</font> being   <a href="ordinal1.html#NM6" title="ORDINAL1:NM.6">Nat</a> holds  <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">n</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span>
 
<div><a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs2',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="21_1"><span class="kw">proof </span></a><div class="add">

<span class="kw">let </span><font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font> be   <a href="ordinal1.html#NM6" title="ORDINAL1:NM.6">Nat</a>; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span></span><br/>

<a NAME="E1:21_1"/>
 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> 1
 
;<br/>
<a NAME="E2:21_1"/><span class="kw">then </span>
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> 1
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="absvalue.html#D1" onmouseover="rs('absvalue/D1')" onmouseout="rh()">ABSVALUE:def 1</a></span>;<br/>
<a NAME="E3:21_1"/><span class="kw">then </span><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E21">A3</font></span>: 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> 1 <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font>
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="taylor_2.html#T1" onmouseover="rs('taylor_2/T1')" onmouseout="rh()">TAYLOR_2:1</a></span>;<br/>
<a NAME="E4:21_1"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E22">A4</font></span>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span>
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E1:21"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E19">A1</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="valued_1.html#D11" onmouseover="rs('valued_1/D11')" onmouseout="rh()">VALUED_1:def 11</a>, <a class="ref" href="ordinal1.html#D12" onmouseover="rs('ordinal1/D12')" onmouseout="rh()">ORDINAL1:def 12</a></span>;<br/>
<a NAME="E5:21_1"/>
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span>
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="leibniz1.html#D2" target="_self" onmouseover="rs('leibniz1/D2')" onmouseout="rh()">Def2</a></span>;<br/>
<span class="kw">then </span><span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font> = 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T67" onmouseover="rs('complex1/T67')" onmouseout="rh()">COMPLEX1:67</a>, <a class="txt" href="#E4:21_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E22">A4</font></span></a></span>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E3:21_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E21">A3</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T65" onmouseover="rs('complex1/T65')" onmouseout="rh()">COMPLEX1:65</a></span>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="taylor_2.html#T1" onmouseover="rs('taylor_2/T1')" onmouseout="rh()">TAYLOR_2:1</a></span>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="absvalue.html#D1" onmouseover="rs('absvalue/D1')" onmouseout="rh()">ABSVALUE:def 1</a></span>
;<br/>
<span class="kw">hence </span><a NAME="E7:21_1"/>
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span>
 <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="leibniz1.html#D1" target="_self" onmouseover="rs('leibniz1/D1')" onmouseout="rh()">Def1</a></span>; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/>


</div><span class="kw">end;</span></div>
<span class="kw">thus </span><a NAME="E3:21"/>
( <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR2" title="XXREAL_0:NR.2">&gt;=</a>  <a href="numbers.html#K5" title="NUMBERS:func.5">0</a>  implies  <a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#R2" title="FUNCT_2:pred.2">=</a>  <a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> )
  <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> ( <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" title="XXREAL_0:NR.3">&lt;</a>  <a href="numbers.html#K5" title="NUMBERS:func.5">0</a>  implies <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="valued_1.html#K26" title="VALUED_1:func.26">(#)</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#R2" title="FUNCT_2:pred.2">=</a>  <a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> )</span><div><a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs2',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="21_2"><span class="kw">proof </span></a><div class="add">

<span class="kw">assume </span><a NAME="E1:21_2"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR2" title="XXREAL_0:NR.2">&gt;=</a>  <a href="numbers.html#K5" title="NUMBERS:func.5">0</a> 
 ; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide">  <a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#R2" title="FUNCT_2:pred.2">=</a>  <a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span><br/>

<a NAME="E2:21_2"/><span class="kw">then </span><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E21">A5</font></span>: 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font>
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="absvalue.html#D1" onmouseover="rs('absvalue/D1')" onmouseout="rh()">ABSVALUE:def 1</a></span>;<br/>
<div><a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs2',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="21_2_1"><span class="kw">now </span> <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide">  for <font color="Olive" title="b1">n</font> being   <a href="ordinal1.html#NM6" title="ORDINAL1:NM.6">Nat</a> holds  <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">n</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">n</font></span></a><div class="add"><span class="kw">let </span><font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font> be   <a href="ordinal1.html#NM6" title="ORDINAL1:NM.6">Nat</a>; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span><br/><span class="kw">thus </span><span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font> = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E2:21"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E20">A2</font></span></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E2:21_2"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E21">A5</font></span></a></span>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span>

<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="leibniz1.html#D2" target="_self" onmouseover="rs('leibniz1/D2')" onmouseout="rh()">Def2</a></span>
; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/></div><span class="kw">end;</span></div>
<span class="kw">hence </span><a NAME="E4:21_2"/>
 <a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#R2" title="FUNCT_2:pred.2">=</a>  <a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font>
 ; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/>


</div><span class="kw">end;</span></div>

<span class="kw">assume </span><a NAME="E4:21"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" title="XXREAL_0:NR.3">&lt;</a>  <a href="numbers.html#K5" title="NUMBERS:func.5">0</a> 
 ; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="valued_1.html#K26" title="VALUED_1:func.26">(#)</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#R2" title="FUNCT_2:pred.2">=</a>  <a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span><br/>

<a NAME="E5:21"/><span class="kw">then </span><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E21">A6</font></span>: 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a>  <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font>
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="absvalue.html#D1" onmouseover="rs('absvalue/D1')" onmouseout="rh()">ABSVALUE:def 1</a></span>;<br/>
<div><a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs2',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="21_3"><span class="kw">now </span> <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide">  for <font color="Olive" title="b1">n</font> being   <a href="ordinal1.html#NM6" title="ORDINAL1:NM.6">Nat</a> holds  <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">n</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="valued_1.html#K26" title="VALUED_1:func.26">(#)</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">n</font></span></a><div class="add"><span class="kw">let </span><font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font> be   <a href="ordinal1.html#NM6" title="ORDINAL1:NM.6">Nat</a>; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="valued_1.html#K26" title="VALUED_1:func.26">(#)</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span><br/><a NAME="E1:21_3"/>
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a>  <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span>
 <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E5:21"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E21">A6</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="power.html#T2" onmouseover="rs('power/T2')" onmouseout="rh()">POWER:2</a></span>;<br/><span class="kw">then </span><span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font> = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E2:21"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E20">A2</font></span></a></span>
<br/>.= 
 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font> <a href="newton.html#K1" title="NEWTON:func.1">|^</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span>

<br/>.= 
 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="leibniz1.html#D2" target="_self" onmouseover="rs('leibniz1/D2')" onmouseout="rh()">Def2</a></span>
;<br/><span class="kw">hence </span><span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font> = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font></span>)</span>

<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="valued_1.html#K26" title="VALUED_1:func.26">(#)</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K8" title="NAT_1:func.8">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">n</font>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="seq_1.html#T9" onmouseover="rs('seq_1/T9')" onmouseout="rh()">SEQ_1:9</a></span>
;<br/> <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/></div><span class="kw">end;</span></div>
<span class="kw">hence </span><a NAME="E7:21"/>
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="valued_1.html#K26" title="VALUED_1:func.26">(#)</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K1" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.1">alternating_series</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="valued_1.html#K56" title="VALUED_1:func.56">abs</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#R2" title="FUNCT_2:pred.2">=</a>  <a href="leibniz1.html#K2" title="LEIBNIZ1:func.2">Leibniz_Series_of</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">r</font>
 ; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/>


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