<?xml version="1.0"?>
<div class="add">

<span class="kw">let </span><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> be   <a href="pre_topc.html#NM2" title="PRE_TOPC:NM.2">Point</a> of <a href="metric_1.html#K7" title="METRIC_1:func.7">RealSpace</a>; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide">  for <font color="Olive" title="b1">r</font> being   <a href="xreal_0.html#NM1" title="XREAL_0:NM.1">Real</a> holds   <a href="metric_1.html#K8" title="METRIC_1:func.8">Ball</a> (<font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font>,<font color="Olive" title="b1">r</font>) <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">].</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">r</font></span>)</span>,<span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">r</font></span>)</span></span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">.[</a></span></span><br/><span class="kw">let </span><font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font> be   <a href="xreal_0.html#NM1" title="XREAL_0:NM.1">Real</a>; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide">  <a href="metric_1.html#K8" title="METRIC_1:func.8">Ball</a> (<font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font>) <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">].</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font></span>)</span>,<span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font></span>)</span></span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">.[</a></span></span><br/>



<span class="kw">reconsider </span><font color="Maroon" title="c3">x2</font> = <font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> as    <a href="subset_1.html#M1" title="SUBSET_1:mode.1">Element</a> of  <a href="numbers.html#K1" title="NUMBERS:func.1">REAL</a>  <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="metric_1.html#D13" onmouseover="rs('metric_1/D13')" onmouseout="rh()">METRIC_1:def 13</a></span>;<br/>
<span class="kw">thus </span><a NAME="E2:9"/>
 <a href="metric_1.html#K8" title="METRIC_1:func.8">Ball</a> (<font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font>) <a href="tarski.html#R1" title="TARSKI:pred.1">c=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">].</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font></span>)</span>,<span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font></span>)</span></span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">.[</a></span>
  <span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">:: according to </font></span><a class="ref" href="xboole_0.html#D10" onmouseover="rs('xboole_0/D10')" onmouseout="rh()">XBOOLE_0:def 10</a> <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">].</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font></span>)</span>,<span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font></span>)</span></span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">.[</a></span> <a href="tarski.html#R1" title="TARSKI:pred.1">c=</a>  <a href="metric_1.html#K8" title="METRIC_1:func.8">Ball</a> (<font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font>)</span><div><a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs2',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="9_1"><span class="kw">proof </span></a><div class="add">

<span class="kw">let </span><font color="Maroon" title="c4">y</font> be    <a href="hidden.html#M1" title="HIDDEN:mode.1">object</a> ; <span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">:: according to </font></span><a class="ref" href="tarski.html#D3" onmouseover="rs('tarski/D3')" onmouseout="rh()">TARSKI:def 3</a> <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> (  not <font color="Maroon" title="c4">y</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a>  <a href="metric_1.html#K8" title="METRIC_1:func.8">Ball</a> (<font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font>) or <font color="Maroon" title="c4">y</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">].</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font></span>)</span>,<span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font></span>)</span></span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">.[</a></span> )</span><br/>

<span class="kw">assume </span><a NAME="E1:9_1"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E9">A1</font></span>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c4">y</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a>  <a href="metric_1.html#K8" title="METRIC_1:func.8">Ball</a> (<font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font>)
 ; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> <font color="Maroon" title="c4">y</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">].</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font></span>)</span>,<span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font></span>)</span></span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">.[</a></span></span><br/>

<span class="kw">then </span><span class="kw">reconsider </span><font color="Maroon" title="c5">y1</font> = <font color="Maroon" title="c4">y</font> as   <a href="struct_0.html#NM1" title="STRUCT_0:NM.1">Element</a> of <a href="metric_1.html#K7" title="METRIC_1:func.7">RealSpace</a> ;<br/>
<span class="kw">reconsider </span><font color="Maroon" title="c6">y2</font> = <font color="Maroon" title="c5">y1</font> as    <a href="subset_1.html#M1" title="SUBSET_1:mode.1">Element</a> of  <a href="numbers.html#K1" title="NUMBERS:func.1">REAL</a>  <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="metric_1.html#D13" onmouseover="rs('metric_1/D13')" onmouseout="rh()">METRIC_1:def 13</a></span>;<br/>
<span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E10">A2</font></span>:  <a href="metric_1.html#K3" title="METRIC_1:func.3">dist</a> (<font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c5">y1</font>) = 
<a href="metric_1.html#K6" title="METRIC_1:func.6">real_dist</a> <a href="binop_1.html#K4" title="BINOP_1:func.4">.</a> (<font color="Maroon" title="c3">x2</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c6">y2</font>)
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="metric_1.html#D1" onmouseover="rs('metric_1/D1')" onmouseout="rh()">METRIC_1:def 1</a>, <a class="ref" href="metric_1.html#D13" onmouseover="rs('metric_1/D13')" onmouseout="rh()">METRIC_1:def 13</a></span>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">x2</font> <a href="real_1.html#K5" title="REAL_1:func.5">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">y2</font></span>)</span></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="metric_1.html#D12" onmouseover="rs('metric_1/D12')" onmouseout="rh()">METRIC_1:def 12</a></span>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="real_1.html#K1" title="REAL_1:func.1">-</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c6">y2</font> <a href="real_1.html#K5" title="REAL_1:func.5">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">x2</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span>

<br/>.= 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c6">y2</font> <a href="real_1.html#K5" title="REAL_1:func.5">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">x2</font></span>)</span></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T52" onmouseover="rs('complex1/T52')" onmouseout="rh()">COMPLEX1:52</a></span>
;<br/>
<a NAME="E5:9_1"/>
 <a href="metric_1.html#K3" title="METRIC_1:func.3">dist</a> (<font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c5">y1</font>) <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" title="XXREAL_0:NR.3">&lt;</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font>
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E1:9_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E9">A1</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="metric_1.html#T11" onmouseover="rs('metric_1/T11')" onmouseout="rh()">METRIC_1:11</a></span>;<br/>
<span class="kw">hence </span><a NAME="E6:9_1"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c4">y</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">].</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font></span>)</span>,<span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font></span>)</span></span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">.[</a></span>
 <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E4:9_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E10">A2</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="rcomp_1.html#T1" onmouseover="rs('rcomp_1/T1')" onmouseout="rh()">RCOMP_1:1</a></span>; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/>


</div><span class="kw">end;</span></div>

<span class="kw">let </span><font color="Maroon" title="c4">y</font> be    <a href="hidden.html#M1" title="HIDDEN:mode.1">object</a> ; <span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">:: according to </font></span><a class="ref" href="tarski.html#D3" onmouseover="rs('tarski/D3')" onmouseout="rh()">TARSKI:def 3</a> <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> (  not <font color="Maroon" title="c4">y</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">].</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font></span>)</span>,<span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font></span>)</span></span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">.[</a></span> or <font color="Maroon" title="c4">y</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a>  <a href="metric_1.html#K8" title="METRIC_1:func.8">Ball</a> (<font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font>) )</span><br/>

<span class="kw">assume </span><a NAME="E3:9"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E9">A3</font></span>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c4">y</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">].</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font></span>)</span>,<span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font></span>)</span></span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2" title="RCOMP_1:func.2">.[</a></span>
 ; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> <font color="Maroon" title="c4">y</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a>  <a href="metric_1.html#K8" title="METRIC_1:func.8">Ball</a> (<font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font>)</span><br/>

<span class="kw">then </span><span class="kw">reconsider </span><font color="Maroon" title="c5">y2</font> = <font color="Maroon" title="c4">y</font> as    <a href="subset_1.html#M1" title="SUBSET_1:mode.1">Element</a> of  <a href="numbers.html#K1" title="NUMBERS:func.1">REAL</a>  ;<br/>
<span class="kw">reconsider </span><font color="Maroon" title="c6">x1</font> = <font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font>, <font color="Maroon" title="c7">y1</font> = <font color="Maroon" title="c5">y2</font> as   <a href="struct_0.html#NM1" title="STRUCT_0:NM.1">Element</a> of <a href="metric_1.html#K7" title="METRIC_1:func.7">RealSpace</a> <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="metric_1.html#D13" onmouseover="rs('metric_1/D13')" onmouseout="rh()">METRIC_1:def 13</a></span>;<br/>
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c5">y2</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font></span>)</span></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span> = 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c5">y2</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T52" onmouseover="rs('complex1/T52')" onmouseout="rh()">COMPLEX1:52</a></span>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">y2</font></span>)</span></span><a href="complex1.html#K9" title="COMPLEX1:func.9">.|</a></span>

<br/>.= 
<a href="metric_1.html#K6" title="METRIC_1:func.6">real_dist</a> <a href="binop_1.html#K4" title="BINOP_1:func.4">.</a> (<font color="Maroon" title="c3">x2</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c5">y2</font>)
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="metric_1.html#D12" onmouseover="rs('metric_1/D12')" onmouseout="rh()">METRIC_1:def 12</a></span>
;<br/>
<a NAME="E7:9"/><span class="kw">then </span><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E10">A4</font></span>: 
<a href="metric_1.html#K6" title="METRIC_1:func.6">real_dist</a> <a href="binop_1.html#K4" title="BINOP_1:func.4">.</a> (<font color="Maroon" title="c3">x2</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c5">y2</font>) <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" title="XXREAL_0:NR.3">&lt;</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font>
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E3:9"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E9">A3</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="rcomp_1.html#T1" onmouseover="rs('rcomp_1/T1')" onmouseout="rh()">RCOMP_1:1</a></span>;<br/>
<a NAME="E8:9"/>
 <a href="metric_1.html#K3" title="METRIC_1:func.3">dist</a> (<font color="Maroon" title="c6">x1</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c7">y1</font>) <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <a href="metric_1.html#K6" title="METRIC_1:func.6">real_dist</a> <a href="binop_1.html#K4" title="BINOP_1:func.4">.</a> (<font color="Maroon" title="c3">x2</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c5">y2</font>)
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="metric_1.html#D1" onmouseover="rs('metric_1/D1')" onmouseout="rh()">METRIC_1:def 1</a>, <a class="ref" href="metric_1.html#D13" onmouseover="rs('metric_1/D13')" onmouseout="rh()">METRIC_1:def 13</a></span>;<br/>
<span class="kw">hence </span><a NAME="E9:9"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c4">y</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a>  <a href="metric_1.html#K8" title="METRIC_1:func.8">Ball</a> (<font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c2">r</font>)
 <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E7:9"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E10">A4</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="metric_1.html#T11" onmouseover="rs('metric_1/T11')" onmouseout="rh()">METRIC_1:11</a></span>; <a class="txt" onmouseover="tooltip.show('hs',this)" onmouseout="tooltip.hide()" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="firebrick">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/>


</div>
